Hydropower, based on dammed surface water reservoirs, is a key part of Zambias energy mix, but poor rainfall (e.g. The highest rainfall is in the north (about 1200 . Zambia has a predominantly humid subtropical climate with small patches of semi-arid steppe in the southwest of the country. Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. It also means more runoff, more percolation, and more water erosion. excessive high rainfall has acidic soils due to leaching, limiting crop production. Thus they produce a Rain shadow area. kcse history notes Hydrol., 59: 173--187. types of rainfall in zambia - medvetnaval.org 1.1 Zambia and REDD+ readiness 1 1.2 Activities under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate . One way in which temperature affects the distribution of large mammals is through the distribution of the tsetse fly, which, within its range is found in hotter valleys rather than the higher, cooler plateau. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. This indicates that groundwater in Zambia usually has very low concentrations of dissolved constituents (total dissolved solids concentrations are typically less than 200 mg/l). Convectional rainfall occurs when the land warms up and heats On the leeward side of the mountain it is dry. Case study 7: Exploring daily rainfall data to investigate evidence of climate change in southern Zambia and its implication for farmers in the area Parin Kurjia, Durton Nanja b, Roger Sternc a Head, Biometry Unit, Department of Crop Science, University of Nairobi, P.O. What are shanty town improvement schemes? The average temperature in Zambia in the summer season is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. What are the air masses that affect the UK? Two Earthquakes Compared Nepal and LAquila, Lombok Indonesia Earthquake 2018 Case Study, 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami Case Study. Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. Zambia is considered to be vulnerable to climate change. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya Zambia has seen an increase in intercropping between the two years, with 7 percent of the surveyed households adopting intercropping between 2012 and 2015, Physical relief maps actually have raised areas that represent different elevations. Prior to the current 2005/06 season, the ZMD predicted normal to above normal rainfall for most parts of Zambia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecoregions_of_Zambia&oldid=1108887041, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. red sandveld soils cover most of the country, and are generally not very fertile due to weathering and leaching; the top soil is sandy and is more fertile where the top soil has a higher clay content. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION all form four past paper But Bangalore is in rain . How is a cold environment interdependent? Before the floods, more than 2.3 million people were expected to be severely food . This is because vulnerability to climate shocks was engendered. None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. The . This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 04:55. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY Stage 2. Why is there a trend towards agribusiness? kcse geography revision notes PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. Peshawar is located at higher altitude than Quetta so moist winds easily reach their. landforms. Evaporation and rainfall. Species susceptible to trypanosomiasis are not found in such valleys. h) Rainfall falls mainly over a short period of time, about 15 - 20 minutes. View Photos (24) In winter, The temperature here averages 21.0 C | 69.8 F. Rainfall and recharge to a dolomite aquifer in a semi-arid climate at Kabwe, Zambia. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. 6 2.1 Climate of Zambia . necta biology By clicking Accept you agree that we use Analytical cookies for gathering information about how our Six ecoregions are represented of which the first four listed below are woodland savannas, consisting of a grass cover 12 m high, and hardwood deciduous trees and/or hardwood shrubs, which range in ground coverage from 'scattered' to 'abundant'. Private tourMid-rangeLodge, You Visit: Mfuwe (Start), South Luangwa NP, Mfuwe Airport (Mfuwe), Mfuwe (End). It occurs only on: The great freshwater lakes of Tanganyika, Mweru, Bangweulu and Kariba (an artificial reservoir), together with the smaller lakes such as Mweru Wantipa and Itezhi-Tezhi reservoir, and numerous lagoons and swamps cover about 5% of Zambia. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Ndola than in summer. The dry season is subdivided into the cool dry season (May to August), and the hot dry season (September to October/November). The rainfall here is around 1131 mm | 44.5 inch per year. The moisture in the warm air condenses as it cools which causes clouds and rain. This ecoregion predominates in the wettest part of the country, across the northern part of both 'lobes' of the country . World Wildlife Fund: Encyclopedia of Earth. The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. civics The significance of food, water and energy, An overview of global inequalities in the supply and consumption of resources, Carbon footprints, food miles and moves towards local sourcing of food. Why is the weather of the UK so changeable? What are active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? It can occur almost When it cools to the dew point, clouds form and rain follows.This usually occurs on flat land.This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and thunderstorms.. Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. 82.8. What is migration and why do people migrate? As the air rises and cools, the orographic clouds form and serve as the precipitation source, where most falls upwind of the mountain ridge. Tunisia Case Study. Zambia. 15.099 Integrated learning-by-doing approach as a respond to climate change impacts. A case study of a sparsely populated area Himalayan Mountains, A case study of a densely populated area Greater London. Zambia has not been spared from the scourge of land degradation especially during the past ten (10) years. moves southward with the apparent movement of the sun in the southern summer and brings rain to the greater part of Zambia. Earlier this month, heavy rains left the Chipata Level One Hospital in the capital, Lusaka, completely flooded, leading to the evacuation of some patients. slope and dry conditions on the downwind slope. [4][citation needed], The ability to grow enough food in the rainy season to last the long dry season is also a factor in population distribution. When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. Tours, Kenya SPACE DYNAMICS AND CLIMATOLOGY The Zambia Meteorological Department has warned of more flash floods and heavy fall in North-western, Central, Copperbelt and Lusaka Provinces. The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited at any time of year. A total of 98 deaths occurred during October 4, 2017-May 12, 2018, in Lusaka; 40 (41%) deaths were reported by cholera treatment centers (CTCs), and 58 (59%) deaths occurred in the community. The Twa people were split into two groups. Heavy rainfall in recent days has led to riverine and flash floods in Zambia, mainly in the Southern Province, with Gwembe and Siavonga Districts hardest-hit. How has rainforest vegetation adapted to the climate? in effect bring rainfall to the area. [citation needed], Deciduous trees which lose leaves in the dry season to conserve water predominate over evergreens which have waxy leaf cuticles for the same purpose. How reliable are economic indicators of development? The process starts when the sun heats the ground. Too much rain when the maize crop is flowering or late in the season when it should be drying off prior to harvest, can be very damaging and promotes rotting of stored grain. Sustainable Management of the Tropical Rainforest, Sustainable Management of the Amazon Rainforest. The presence of fire-adapted plants and palaeoecological studies indicate that such fires have happened for millennia. Relief rainfall is formed when the aircools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. What are the social and economic opportunities associated with the growth of Rio? In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. Most of the rain occurs on the East side of the slope. As the air moves over the mountain range and starts to descend, it warms. Humanitarian organizations were already providing life-saving assistance due to drought in some of the areas affected by the floods, especially in southern and western Zambia. What does scenery formed by erosion look like? The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). However, parts of Muchinga and Northern provinces as well as Mansa, Ndola, Kabompo, Senanga, Livingstone and surrounding areas are likely to receive normal to below normal rainfall. Extreme weather in the UK Beast from the East, Extreme Weather in the UK Summer Heatwave 2018. You can expect rain for roughly half of the month of November in Zambia. National Geographic/World Wildlife Fund: "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World. None of the country is arid. Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. Water levels have risen dramatically with some parts of the country receiving a seasons worth of rain in just a matter of weeks. Case study 7: Exploring daily rainfall data to investigate evidence of climate change in southern Zambia and its implication for farmers in the area Parin Kurjia, Durton Nanja b, Roger Sternc a Head, Biometry Unit, Department of Crop Science, University of Overview; Climate Data. They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems, casting a "shadow" of dryness behind them. What is the value of the tropical rainforest? Before the floods, more than 2.3 million people were expected to be severely food insecure during the lean season (October 2019 March 2020), with at least 430,000 of them in Emergency (IPC 4). How have animals adapted to cold environments? Population Zambia's population is about 10.9 million (2004), of which 64 percent is rural (Table 1). How is demand for energy changing in the UK? Zambia borders Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia in the 49. What is the structure of the Temperate Deciduous Woodland? Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. This increased rainfall will likely result in at least average 2016/17 crop production, but may also cause flooding in flood-prone areas of central and southern Sudan. Relief rainfall occurs very frequently near mountains beside the sea. Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. What is the difference between a tornado and a hurricane? The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. Zambia is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, to the east of Angola. Populations living within the 5 km buffer from the main river systems and wetlands lose their dwellings either due to high levels of river water or structures collapsing due to excess rainfall. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land. Safaris. On the plateau (covering about 80% of the country) mean minimums for June in the cool dry season are in the range 612C, mean maximums for October, the hot dry season are 2835C. Stage 1. does not contain personal information, cannot be traced back to you, and, Lusakas Climate Compared to Zambias Parks, Zambia necta biology past paper Projected Weather and Climate. The coolest area overall is the high Nyika plateau, in the northeast on the border with Malawi. The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low, and despite some poaching and the absence of protection, the forest is still fairly rich in wildlife. When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it. This means it has a greater ability to carry water moisture and so there is little rain on the far side of the mountain. In the UK prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas such as the Rocky Mountai. Zambia is in the Zambezian region of the Afrotropical biogeographic realm (or ecozone). In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. Lower average altitudes characterize most of the areas in the North. Compared to many other Southern African countries, Zambia has relatively abundant land and water. necta chemistry past papers i) The rainfall is heavy and falls throughout the year, averaging about 2 000 mm. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Safaris, Tanzania During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. Tours, Mozambique Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. Frontal rain produces a variety of clouds, which bring moderate to heavy rainfall. A map of areas threatened by a wildfire, for instance, would have a date, and perhaps even a time, to track the progress of the wildfire. Relief rainfall occurs in all altitudes; Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. Such communities are said to be edaphic, and are found on grey dambo soils, black floodplain soils and Kalahari sands. The site is self-funded and your support is really appreciated. Weathering and mass movement in river valleys. Zambia has a sub-tropical climate that is tempered by its relatively high altitude, making it more temperate and pleasant than other sub-tropical areas. In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. It is found: This biome is represented by one ecoregion. In Ndola, the climate is warm and temperate. Black soils of floodplains are fertile, grasses grow on them as soon as the annual flood recedes and provide a rich resource for herbivores. A warmer climate with more rainfall means more vegetative cover and more animal action. Gwembe District was already facing Emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels of food insecurity due to the worst drought the country has seen since 1981. Why is the Human Development Index important? What is the role of transnational companies in Nigeria? Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted by severe drought. We're expecting roughly 8 to 15 days of rain, so your rubber boots and . The best time to visit Zambia is from May to August. necta csee past paper Convenctional Rainfall - This type of rain is very common in areas where the ground is heated by the sun. What is the impact of humans on the desert? This type of rainfall is common in places with mountains and sea. Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. Quite dense evergreen forest of medium height on sandy soils with little to no surface water, in several patches which make up the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. The main aspects of the physical environment which determine the biomes and ecoregions of Zambia are: climate, specifically rainfall amount, length of the dry season, and temperature, which is related to elevation; and soils and bushfires. In geography, a location's relief is the difference between its highest and lowest elevations. Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. Relief rain. Landforms in the middle course of a river. The downwind or leeward slope receives a small amount of rainfall in comparison. The ITCZ is located north of Zambia in the dry season. Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. Elsewhere, from Zambia across Malawi, Zimbabwe and central Mozambique, above average rainfall has favoured conditions suitable for planning and early crop Because the wind meets a high mountain, it is forced to rise upwards. Waterspouts can be seen over lakes. The average temperature in Zambia in the summer is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. Safaris & Tours, Botswana Tours, Ethiopia This symmetry is, however, imperfect because of Relief rainfall occurs when air has been blown over the sea and is then forced up over an area of high land. Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. Thirsty animals crowd around the waterholes and rivers to drink. What are the different types of weathering? To access more Ordinary level Geography topics go to Geography Notes Home. Tours, Namibia Sustainable development in the desert The Great Green Wall. Relief rainfall . According to the Zambia Meteorological Development agency, annual rainfall has dropped from an average 1,200 mm to below 600 mm in most areas over the last two years. Economic opportunities and challenges in Lagos. How have plants adapted to cold environments? The main sites are: This biome covers an area of only about 100km on the northern border with Malawi, being an extension of a much larger area in Malawi and Tanzania, and so is frequently not counted as present in Zambia. The most extensive ecoregion covering about 50% of the country, characterised by Miombo trees (Brachystegia sp. How does flooding affect humans and the environment? How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Rio de Janeiro? Its surface is almost invariably consisting of a geologically stable land mass made up of the pre-Cambrian basement rock overlain in part by sedimentary cover of a later period.
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